What is an optical transceiver?

An optical transceiver is a device used in fiber optic communications to convert electrical signals into optical signals and transmit data over fiber optic cables. It typically consists of a transmitter (TOSA), a receiver (ROSA), and control circuits, and is widely used in data centers, telecommunications, and enterprise networks.

The main components of an optical transceiver include the optical transmitter (TOSA), optical receiver (ROSA), driver circuits, control circuits, and interface. The TOSA converts electrical signals into optical signals for transmission, while the ROSA receives optical signals and converts them back into electrical signals. The control circuit manages the operation of the module.

Optical transceivers come in various transmission speeds, ranging from 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps, to 25G, 40G, 100G, 200G, 400G, and even 800G. Different speeds are suited for various applications such as enterprise networks, data centers, and backbone networks.

Common packaging types for optical transceivers include SFP, SFP+, QSFP+, QSFP28, QSFP-DD, OSFP, QSFP112, CFP, and XFP. These packaging types differ in size, power consumption, speed, and application scenarios. For example, QSFP28 is primarily used for 100G Ethernet, while QSFP-DD is suited for 400G networks.

Optical transceivers are classified by transmission distance into short-range (SR, typically within 300m), medium-range (LR, around 10km), long-range (ER, up to 40km), and ultra-long-range (ZR, 80km or more). The appropriate transceiver selection depends on network requirements and fiber type.

Common working wavelengths for optical transceivers include 850nm, 1310nm, and 1550nm. 850nm is used for short-range multimode fiber, 1310nm is suitable for medium-range single-mode fiber, and 1550nm is used for long-distance single-mode fiber transmission. Additionally, CWDM and DWDM wavelengths are used in wavelength division multiplexing systems.

Single-mode optical transceivers (SMF) use wavelengths of 1310nm or 1550nm and are suitable for long-distance transmission (several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers). Multi-mode optical transceivers (MMF) use 850nm wavelength and are suitable for short-distance applications (tens to hundreds of meters). Single-mode fiber is more expensive but allows for longer distances, while multi-mode fiber is cheaper and commonly used for internal data center interconnections.

When selecting an optical transceiver, you need to consider factors such as speed (e.g., 10G, 40G, 100G), transmission distance (e.g., 300m, 10km, 40km), wavelength (850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm), fiber type (single-mode or multi-mode), and device compatibility. Environmental temperature, power consumption, and budget are also important factors.

Generally, optical transceivers from different brands may have compatibility issues, especially when used with switches, routers, or other equipment. It is important to check the device manufacturer’s compatibility requirements. Also, single-mode and multi-mode transceivers, or transceivers with different speeds, should not be used interchangeably as they may affect network communication.

Optical transceivers are typically available in commercial grade (0°C to 70°C), industrial grade (-40°C to 85°C), and extended grade (-20°C to 85°C). Industrial-grade transceivers are used in extreme environments, such as outdoor base stations or railway communications, while commercial-grade transceivers are commonly used in data centers and enterprise networks.

The power budget refers to the difference between the optical transceiver’s output power and its receiver sensitivity, measured in dB. The power budget determines the transmission distance. If the optical loss exceeds the budget, optical amplifiers or lower-loss fiber may be needed to compensate for the loss.

DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring) allows real-time monitoring of key parameters of the optical transceiver, such as temperature, voltage, optical power, and laser bias current. This feature helps network maintenance personnel with fault diagnosis and preventive maintenance, improving the transceiver’s reliability.

CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) and DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) are two fiber optic multiplexing technologies. CWDM supports 18 wavelengths (1270nm to 1610nm) and is suitable for medium-range transmissions up to 80km. DWDM supports more wavelengths (40 or 80 channels in the C-band) and is ideal for long-distance, high-capacity transmissions.

MTP/MPO is a multi-fiber optical connector commonly used in high-density 40G, 100G, and 400G data center networks. Compared to traditional LC connectors, MTP/MPO connectors can transmit multiple optical signals simultaneously, improving wiring efficiency.

Testing the performance of optical transceivers typically involves using optical power meters, bit error rate testers (BERT), and optical spectrum analyzers to measure parameters like optical output power, receiver sensitivity, bit error rate, and wavelength accuracy. Loopback testing can also be performed to ensure the module is functioning properly.

The power consumption of optical transceivers varies by speed and package. For example, an SFP+ (10G) transceiver typically consumes around 1W, a QSFP28 (100G) transceiver consumes about 3.5W, and a QSFP-DD (400G) transceiver can consume over 12W. Power consumption should be considered in terms of heat dissipation and energy efficiency.

If an optical transceiver is not working, you can check for issues such as link failure, abnormal optical power, or device compatibility problems. Using the DDM feature to monitor the transceiver’s temperature, voltage, and optical power can help detect abnormal data, which may indicate the need for replacement.

Most optical transceivers (e.g., SFP, SFP+, QSFP28) support hot swapping, meaning they can be inserted or removed without turning off the device. This feature makes it easier to maintain and replace modules, though precautions should be taken against static electricity to avoid damaging the transceiver.

The typical lifespan of an optical transceiver is 5 to 10 years. However, its actual lifespan is affected by factors such as operating environment, temperature, and workload. Environments with high temperatures, high power, and high load can shorten the transceiver’s lifespan, so good heat dissipation and stable power supply are essential for extending its service life.

To extend the lifespan of an optical transceiver, avoid frequent plugging and unplugging, ensure proper heat dissipation, clean the fiber interfaces regularly, and prevent static electricity damage. Additionally, avoiding overheating and power fluctuations helps maintain the transceiver’s stability and longevity.

Optical transceivers are widely used in data centers, cloud computing, 5G base stations, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks, enterprise networks, and telecommunications backbone networks for high-speed data transmission.

The main transmission modes are simplex (one-way transmission) and duplex (two-way transmission). Most optical transceivers use duplex LC interfaces, but bidirectional (BIDI) transceivers can achieve two-way communication using a single fiber, improving fiber utilization.

An optical transceiver converts electrical signals into optical signals using a laser, transmits them over fiber optics, and then receives the optical signals using a photodetector, converting them back into electrical signals to enable data transmission.

The packaging standards for optical transceivers are defined by the MSA (Multi-Source Agreement), ensuring compatibility across different manufacturers. Packaging types such as SFP, QSFP, and CFP all follow MSA standards.

In theory, optical transceivers can be used interchangeably, but some manufacturers’ devices may restrict the use of third-party transceivers. Special unlocking or authorization may be required for compatibility.

Before purchasing an optical transceiver, you need to check whether the port rate of the switch or router matches. For example, a 25G device cannot use a 10G optical transceiver.

The quality of an optical transceiver is typically evaluated through measures such as Bit Error Rate (BER), optical power testing, aging tests, and compatibility tests.

Unused optical transceivers should be stored in anti-static packaging to prevent moisture, high temperatures, and dust, which could affect their performance.

Single-mode optical transceivers require single-mode fiber, and multi-mode optical transceivers require multi-mode fiber. Otherwise, optical power loss or communication failure may occur.

Ensure the optical transceivers’ interface type (LC, SC, MTP), fiber mode (single-mode, multi-mode), and rate requirements match the fiber jumper specifications.

The center wavelength of an optical transceiver refers to the main wavelength of the optical signal, such as 850nm, 1310nm, or 1550nm. Different wavelengths are suited for different transmission distances.

It depends on the type of module. For example, a 10G LR module has a transmission power range of about -8.2 to 0.5 dBm, with a receiving sensitivity around -12.6 dBm

Receiver sensitivity refers to the minimum optical signal power that the optical transceiver can reliably receive, measured in dBm. The lower the value, the higher the sensitivity.

BER represents the probability of errors in data transmission. A BER of 10^-12 or below is generally acceptable; values higher than this may result in data loss.

The typical operating voltage is 3.3V or 5V, while some high-power optical transceivers may require 12V power.

You can read real-time parameters such as optical power, voltage, and temperature via the Digital Diagnostic Monitoring (DDM) function.

The main types of lasers used are VCSEL (850nm, short distance), DFB (1310nm/1550nm, medium to long distance), and EML (1550nm, long distance).

Excessive temperatures may affect the stability of the laser, leading to unstable data transmission or damage to the optical transceiver.

Transmission errors can be affected by optical power, temperature, fiber quality, port compatibility, and the Bit Error Rate (BER).

High-power transceivers (like 400G QSFP-DD) may cause the device temperature to rise, requiring a good cooling design.

First, power off the device port, then insert the optical transceiver into the port and connect the fiber, ensuring the interface is properly matched.

Wear an anti-static wrist strap and avoid directly touching the metal contacts of the optical transceiver.

Use lint-free wipes and alcohol to clean the LC or SC ports to remove dust and dirt.

Use an optical power meter and OTDR to test optical attenuation and ensure the fiber link meets the required specifications.

Check the optical power, Bit Error Rate, and DDM data to assess the module’s status.

It could be due to aging of the laser, fiber contamination, high temperature, or voltage fluctuations.

Consider factors like rate, transmission distance, wavelength, package type, power consumption, and compatibility.

Regularly clean fiber ports, check optical power and temperature, and avoid frequent plugging and unplugging.

Discarded optical transceivers should be handled according to environmental regulations to avoid laser contamination.

Use an optical attenuator at the receiver end to prevent high-power lasers from damaging the optical photodetector at the receiver end.

What is a Gigabit SFP Optical Transceiver?

A Gigabit SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical transceiver is a hot-pluggable optical module primarily used for 1.25Gbps optical communication. It is widely used in Ethernet, SDH/SONET, and Fiber Channel networks.

It mainly complies with IEEE 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet), ITU-T G.957 (SDH/SONET), and Fibre Channel 1G standards to ensure compatibility in different network environments.

The main components include TOSA (Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly), ROSA (Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly), control circuits, and EEPROM chips. TOSA converts electrical signals to optical signals, while ROSA receives optical signals and converts them back to electrical signals.

Common wavelengths include 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (single-mode), 1550nm (single-mode), and CWDM/DWDM wavelengths (1270nm–1610nm). Different wavelengths determine transmission distance and suitable applications.

The rate is usually 1.25Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet) or 1.0625Gbps (Fibre Channel), depending on the specific application.

SX (850nm, multimode): 300m
LX (1310nm, single-mode): 10km
EX (1550nm, single-mode): 40km
ZX (1550nm, single-mode): 80km

Power consumption typically ranges from 0.5W to 1W, depending on the transmission power, wavelength, and operating environment.

Typical receiver sensitivity ranges from -3dBm to -24dBm. The value depends on the module type, such as LX modules usually being -18dBm, while ZX modules can be as low as -24dBm.

Typically, the BER is required to be ≤ 10^-12, meaning one bit error can occur in 10^12 bits of data.

SX (850nm): -9 ~ -3dBm
LX (1310nm): -9 ~ -3dBm
ZX (1550nm): 0 ~ +5dBm

It is primarily used in data centers, enterprise networks, metropolitan area networks (MAN), Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH), security monitoring, and SDH/SONET transmission systems.

Some SFP+ ports are downward compatible with SFP modules, but it is necessary to confirm whether the switch or router supports the 1G rate.

Typically, Gigabit SFP ports do not support 100Mbps rates. However, some devices support adaptive rates (like 100M/1000M); refer to the device’s specifications.

Ensure it matches the device manufacturer’s EEPROM encoding and complies with IEEE 802.3z or SDH/SONET standards. Some branded devices may require specific compatible optical transceivers.

SFP ports themselves do not support PoE (Power over Ethernet), but they can be used in uplink connections for PoE switches to enable optical fiber transmission.

Choose based on transmission distance, fiber type (single-mode/multimode), wavelength, power consumption, and environmental temperature.

  1. Power off the device (if hot-plugging is not supported, skip this step)
  2. Insert the SFP optical transceiver
  3. Connect the fiber jumper
  4. Power on the device and check the port status.

Typically designed for a lifespan of 5 years, but if the error rate increases or the link becomes unstable, it is recommended to replace the module.

You can use DDM to monitor optical power, voltage, temperature, or perform bit error rate tests and use an optical power meter to check signal quality.

Store in a dry environment, avoiding static electricity and dust contamination.

BIDI (Bidirectional) optical transceivers use WDM technology to transmit both upstream and downstream data on a single fiber, with common wavelengths of 1310/1550nm or 1490/1550nm.

CWDM SFP modules support wavelengths from 1270nm to 1610nm and are suitable for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, enabling bandwidth expansion.

DOM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring) modules support real-time monitoring of optical power, voltage, temperature, etc., while non-DOM modules do not have this feature.

GPON/EPON networks use specialized PON optical modules, and standard Gigabit SFP modules are not compatible with PON network protocols.

MSA (Multi-Source Agreement) is an industry standard protocol for optical transceivers that ensures compatibility between products from different manufacturers.

In industrial automation, Gigabit SFP optical transceivers are used in industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET, EtherNet/IP) to provide strong anti-interference and long-distance transmission for fiber optic connections, suitable for harsh factory environments.

Industrial-grade SFP optical transceivers typically feature a wider operating temperature range (-40°C to 85°C), enhanced vibration resistance, and moisture protection, making them suitable for harsh environments.

Consider factors such as operating temperature range, electromagnetic interference resistance, packaging strength, and support for industrial protocols like PROFINET or Modbus TCP.

SFP optical transceivers provide reliable long-distance data transmission, prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues, and improve the stability and security of industrial control systems.

In ITS, SFP optical transceivers are used for fiber optic connections between traffic monitoring cameras, signal controllers, ensuring low latency, high bandwidth data transmission.

Telecom operators use Gigabit SFP optical transceivers in FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home), FTTB (Fiber-to-the-Building) applications to achieve high-speed fiber transmission from the core network to the access layer.

It is mainly used in aggregation and access layer equipment such as OLT, ONU, and optical switches to enable Gigabit fiber broadband access in MANs.

CWDM/DWDM technologies allow multiple signals to be transmitted on a single fiber, increasing bandwidth utilization, reducing fiber resource costs, and are suitable for long-distance transmission.

BIDI (Bidirectional) optical transceivers transmit both upstream and downstream data on a single fiber, reducing fiber deployment costs and improving fiber utilization.

Telecom operators can use DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring) to monitor optical power, temperature, voltage, and other parameters to ensure stable network operation.

Choose based on transmission distance, fiber type (single-mode/multimode), switch compatibility, power consumption, and environmental factors.

It is mainly used for fiber optic connections between servers, storage, and switches within data centers, ensuring low-latency, high-bandwidth data transmission.

Multi-mode SFP is suitable for short-distance connections (≤ 550m), such as interconnects within racks or between floors.
Single-mode SFP is suitable for long-distance connections (≥ 10km), such as links between data centers.

Regularly clean fiber optic interfaces, monitor DDM data, use high-quality compatible optical transceivers, and ensure the switch port matches the transceiver.

The MTP/MPO pre-terminated fiber solution simplifies cabling, supports multi-core fiber connections, and increases the density and scalability of data centers.

Low-power SFP modules (e.g., 0.5W) consume less energy than traditional 1W modules, reducing heat dissipation requirements and lowering the power consumption of cooling systems.

Choose low-power modules, optimize cabinet airflow design, and properly arrange switch port layouts to reduce module overheating.

DDM monitors parameters like optical power and temperature, helping to identify abnormal modules and prevent overheating that could increase energy consumption or cause damage.

BIDI modules use a single fiber for bidirectional communication, reducing the need for optical fiber infrastructure and thus lowering overall power consumption and equipment costs.

5G requires high-density, compact, low-power optical transceivers to meet the low energy consumption needs of numerous base stations and edge data centers.

Use high-quality fibers, optimize splicing techniques, clean connectors, and add optical amplifiers or repeaters in long-distance links.

Excessive or insufficient temperatures can affect the stability of lasers, leading to reduced transmission performance or module damage, especially in industrial and outdoor applications.

Use Bit Error Rate (BER) testing, optical power testing, OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), and other methods to assess the fiber optic link quality and the performance of the transceiver.

Fault diagnosis can be performed through device logs, DDM monitoring, BER analysis, and optical power meter testing.

What is a 10G SFP+ Optical Transceiver?

A 10G SFP+ optical transceiver is a hot-swappable optical transceiver that supports a 10Gbps transmission rate, mainly used in data centers, enterprise networks, and carrier networks.

The main types include multi-mode, single-mode, single-mode 40km, single-mode 80km, CWDM, and DWDM, each suitable for different transmission distances and scenarios.

They are suitable for interconnects within data centers and server rooms, with typical transmission distances ranging from 300 to 400 meters, using an 850nm wavelength.

They support long-distance transmission, with common wavelengths being 1310nm or 1550nm, suitable for metropolitan area networks (MAN) and interconnecting data centers.

They are suitable for medium to long-distance transmissions, such as metropolitan area networks, enterprise campuses, and data center interlinks, with a transmission distance of up to 40km.

They enable ultra-long-distance transmission, meeting the needs for backbone networks or intercity interconnections, and are ideal for scenarios requiring longer transmission distances.

It uses Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology to allocate multiple wide-spaced wavelengths on a single fiber, reducing costs and expanding transmission capacity.

It uses Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology to transmit data over narrow-spaced wavelengths, suitable for high-capacity, long-distance communications.

It follows the SFP+ MSA standard to ensure compatibility and interchangeability across different manufacturers’ modules.

Most modules support hot-swapping, making it easy to replace and maintain online. However, static protection should be observed during installation.

Multi-mode modules typically use an 850nm wavelength and have a shorter transmission distance, while single-mode modules use 1310nm/1550nm wavelengths for longer distances.

They typically support a distance of 300 to 400 meters, and some optimized multi-mode modules can reach over 500 meters in specific environments.

Depending on the module type, the transmission distance typically ranges from 10km to 80km, and can be chosen based on actual requirements.

Selection should be based on factors such as transmission distance, fiber type, wavelength, power consumption, and device compatibility.

A 10G CWDM module generally supports 8 wavelengths, with wide channel spacing, suitable for medium to short-distance transmission.

A 10G DWDM module can support 40 or more wavelengths, ideal for high-density and ultra-long-distance transmission needs.

Power consumption is usually around 1W, with specific values depending on the module design, laser type, and operating status.

You can monitor optical power, temperature, voltage, and laser bias using DDM, combined with Bit Error Rate (BER) testing and optical power meter measurements.

Multi-mode modules typically use VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser), while single-mode modules often use DFB (Distributed Feedback) lasers. Some high-performance modules may use EML (External Modulated Laser) technology.

They enable high-speed, low-latency fiber interconnects, support hot-swapping, and modular expansion, making maintenance and configuration flexible.

They are used for high-speed fiber transmission in metropolitan area networks (MAN) and backbone networks, meeting the needs for long-distance, high-capacity data transmission.

Link redundancy can be achieved through dual-machine hot standby, link aggregation, and redundant routing technologies, ensuring link stability and automatic switching in case of failure.

Wavelength stability is ensured by using temperature-controlled and precision laser designs, meeting strict transmission quality requirements.

They support DDM, allowing real-time monitoring of temperature, optical power, voltage, and laser current, which helps in early fault detection.

Use low-loss optical fibers, regularly clean interfaces, and optimize splicing techniques to effectively reduce link attenuation.

The typical requirement is for a BER lower than 10^-12, ensuring stability and reliability in high-speed data transmission.

Use Bit Error Rate testers, optical power meters, and OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) equipment to detect link quality and transmission performance.

Some modules support remote monitoring, and you can view module status and parameters in real time via a network management platform.

Industrial-grade modules are designed to work in temperature ranges from -40°C to 85°C, ensuring stable operation in extreme conditions.

It is recommended to use industrial-grade modules with wide temperature designs to avoid low temperatures affecting laser output and module performance.

The design lifespan is usually around 5 years, but actual lifespan depends on the operating environment and usage frequency.

The module response time is extremely fast, and it generally has minimal impact on overall network latency, meeting low-latency requirements.

Ensure compliance with the SFP+ MSA standard and confirm that the EEPROM encoding is consistent to ensure compatibility with switches or routers from various brands.

They facilitate smooth upgrades of existing networks by simply replacing the modules to increase speeds, reducing overall upgrade costs.

Modules should have good thermal designs to ensure stable temperatures in high-density deployments, prolonging their lifespan.

They are compact, easy to hot-swap, and designed with a focus on shock resistance, dust protection, and reliability, making them suitable for dense cabinet deployments.

Price is affected by manufacturing process, laser type, transmission distance, and certification standards, with high-performance modules generally being more expensive.

Fiber-optic transmission is inherently resistant to interference and provides physical isolation, which helps prevent network eavesdropping and electromagnetic attacks.

Use link aggregation and multi-path transmission technologies to achieve automatic switching and backup, ensuring network continuity.

Calibrations include optical power, wavelength, and temperature to ensure the modules meet design standards and performance requirements.

Choose based on transmission distance, wavelength spacing, network capacity, and fiber conditions to ensure high-density, long-distance transmission.

They convert electrical signals to optical signals and are crucial components for building high-speed fiber-optic transmission networks.

They enable low-latency, high-bandwidth fiber connections, support modular expansion, and are easy to maintain and deploy rapidly.

Perform tests using actual equipment interconnection, DDM monitoring, and switch log detection to verify module compatibility with platforms.

High-quality modules typically have a failure rate lower than 1%, ensuring long-term stable operation and reducing maintenance costs.

They enable real-time transmission of high-definition video, ensuring stable and clear surveillance images and supporting large-scale surveillance systems.

They are used in financial data centers and trading systems to ensure high-speed, low-latency, and secure network transmissions.

Select low-power design modules, properly configure cooling solutions, and use intelligent power management technologies to effectively reduce energy consumption.

They connect fiber access devices to core networks, enabling high-speed data transmission and meeting broadband access needs.

What is a 25G SFP28 optical transceiver?

A 25G SFP28 optical transceiver is a hot-pluggable transceiver that supports a 25Gbps data rate and complies with the SFP28 standard. It is primarily used for high-speed interconnections in data centers and enterprise networks.

It is mainly used in data centers, cloud computing platforms, carrier backbone networks, and high-performance computing interconnections, meeting the demands for large bandwidth and low-latency transmission.

Operating at an 850nm wavelength, it is suitable for short-distance interconnections within data centers, typically supporting transmission distances of 100–150 meters, ideal for high-density cabling environments.

Using 1310nm or 1550nm wavelengths, it supports long-distance transmission, commonly used in metropolitan area networks and interconnections between data centers, offering high signal stability.

It is used for interconnections across cities and wide-area networks, supporting a transmission distance of up to 40km, meeting the demand for long-distance, high-speed transmission, often found in carrier networks.

Using single-fiber bidirectional transmission technology, it enables both upstream and downstream communication on a single fiber, reducing fiber cabling costs and improving resource utilization.

It follows the SFP28 Multi-Source Agreement (MSA) standard, ensuring compatibility and interchangeability across different manufacturers’ products.

Multimode modules typically use an 850nm wavelength, single-mode modules commonly use 1310nm or 1550nm wavelengths, and BIDI modules may use different wavelength combinations depending on the design.

Most 25G SFP28 modules support hot-pluggability, allowing for online replacement and maintenance, but static protection should be used during installation.

The power consumption usually ranges from 1 to 2 watts, depending on the module type, laser technology, and transmission distance.

Consider factors like transmission distance, fiber type, network environment, power consumption, and equipment compatibility when selecting between multimode, single-mode, or BIDI modules.

Redundant links can be designed using link aggregation and dual-machine backup technologies, ensuring automatic switching and continuous data transmission in case of a single link failure.

Most modules come with built-in DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring) capabilities, allowing real-time monitoring of temperature, optical power, voltage, and laser bias current for fault prevention and maintenance.

Single-mode modules typically use DFB lasers, multimode modules use VCSEL lasers, and BIDI modules select the appropriate laser depending on the design.

The typical BER requirement is below 10⁻¹², ensuring stable signal transmission during high-speed transfers to meet the high reliability demands of data centers.

They enable high-bandwidth, low-latency data interconnections, support modular expansion and hot-pluggability, making deployment and subsequent maintenance upgrades easier.

They are used in metropolitan area networks and backbone networks for high-speed data transmission, supporting large data exchanges and long-distance interconnections, enhancing network coverage.

OM3 or OM4 multimode fiber is required to ensure low attenuation and high transmission performance, suitable for short-distance high-density cabling inside data centers.

Single-mode fiber is typically used, offering low attenuation and long transmission distance advantages, making it suitable for long-distance links and metropolitan network interconnections.

It is primarily used for interconnections across cities, wide-area networks, and backbone networks, supporting transmission distances of up to 40km to meet long-range data transfer needs.

By using single-fiber bidirectional technology, it reduces the amount of fiber required, lowering cabling and equipment installation costs while simplifying network topology design.

Commercial-grade modules typically operate between 0°C and 70°C, while industrial-grade modules can handle more extreme environments, from -40°C to 85°C.

Using low-power designs, optimizing heat dissipation structures, and strategic layout ensures the modules remain stable in high-density deployments without affecting transmission quality.

Link quality, attenuation, and signal stability can be tested using bit error rate testers, optical power meters, and OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) equipment.

Faults can be detected by monitoring abnormal DDM data, link interruptions, and increased bit error rates, allowing for timely detection and replacement of faulty modules.

25G modules offer higher transmission rates and bandwidth, meeting the demands of high-traffic data centers, with significantly improved technical specifications and performance compared to 10G modules.

The dimensions are similar to those of traditional SFP+ modules, but the internal circuitry supports 25Gbps high-speed transmission, adhering to SFP28 standards.

Most 25G optical transceivers use LC connectors, which are compact, stable, and easy to use for high-density cabling, commonly found in data centers.

Single-mode modules are designed for long-distance transmission and require single-mode fiber, while multimode modules are suitable for short-range transmissions, typically used for high-density interconnections inside data centers.

High-speed circuit design and optimized signal conversion paths reduce transmission latency, meeting the requirements for real-time data transfer and high-performance computing.

Laser type, transmission distance, manufacturing process, certification standards, and market supply-demand dynamics all impact the price of 25G optical transceivers.

Common certifications include CE, RoHS, and FCC, ensuring the products meet international safety, environmental, and quality standards for global sales.

By using high-quality components, strict manufacturing processes, and well-designed heat dissipation systems, while conducting thorough testing to ensure long-term stable performance.

They serve as critical interconnection devices between base stations and edge data centers, supporting high-speed data transmission and providing stable, efficient link support for 5G networks.

Common configurations include pairing 1310nm with 1490nm or 1310nm with 1550nm to ensure bidirectional transmission on a single fiber without interference between upstream and downstream signals.

Some high-end modules support automatic power adjustment, optimizing output power through feedback mechanisms to improve link stability and flexibility.

The power budget is calculated based on the transmission power, receiver sensitivity, and fiber attenuation to ensure the link meets the design requirements.

They enable high-speed interconnection between servers and switches, meeting the massive data transfer needs and enhancing data processing and exchange capabilities in cloud platforms.

Fiber optic transmission offers physical isolation, reducing the risk of eavesdropping and electromagnetic interference, thus strengthening overall network security.

They use shielding designs and anti-interference circuits to effectively reduce electromagnetic interference, ensuring stable and reliable signal transmission.

By selecting low-bend-loss fibers and optimizing connector installation methods, signal attenuation caused by bending can be minimized, ensuring link stability.

Testing compatibility involves interconnecting with equipment from different manufacturers, checking EEPROM information, and monitoring DDM data to ensure the module functions correctly across various platforms.

The typical warranty period is between 1 and 3 years, depending on the manufacturer’s policy, providing users with post-sales service and technical support.

They support low-latency, high-bandwidth data transmission, ensuring smooth HD video output and meeting the needs of large-scale surveillance systems and multi-screen displays.

Maintain a clean environment with appropriate temperature and humidity, and regularly clean fiber connectors and interfaces to prevent dust and contamination from affecting transmission performance.

Factors such as temperature, power consumption, transmission load, and fiber quality can impact the module’s service life, with a typical design lifespan of around 5 years.

Steps include physical installation, link connection, DDM monitoring, and bit error rate testing to ensure the module meets transmission standards before being put into use.

They provide high-speed data transmission and flexible network management as key interconnection devices in software-defined networks, supporting network virtualization needs.

Remote monitoring and management can be achieved by collecting real-time DDM data and device logs through a network management platform, enabling fault alerts and maintenance management.

What are the main features of the QSFP 40G 850nm 300m MPO optical transceiver?

The QSFP 40G 850nm 300m MPO optical transceiver uses an 850nm wavelength and supports 300m short-distance transmission. It utilizes the MPO interface for multi-channel connectivity, suitable for high-density interconnection in data center racks with low power consumption and stability.

It is mainly used for short-distance high-speed interconnection between servers, storage, and switches in data centers, meeting the needs for dense cabling and low-latency transmission within racks.

Using a 1310nm laser, it supports 10km transmission, employing the MPO multi-core interface, ideal for mid-range metropolitan area network (MAN) and data center interconnections, with high stability.

The LC version uses single-core connectors for point-to-point connections, while the MPO version is suitable for bulk cabling and high-density deployments, with different installation methods.

It features a 1310nm wavelength, a 10km transmission distance, and a bit error rate (BER) below 10⁻¹², suitable for stable point-to-point links in metropolitan area networks.

It supports 40km transmission and is commonly used for interconnection between regional data centers, enterprise campuses, and metropolitan area networks, meeting the needs for long-distance high-speed data transmission.

With a transmission distance of up to 80km, it is ideal for backbone networks and long-distance metropolitan area interconnections, suitable for inter-city, cross-region, and remote operator link construction.

40G modules offer greater bandwidth and higher transmission speeds, suitable for large-scale data centers and cloud computing environments. They effectively reduce the number of devices needed and lower overall costs.

They provide high-speed, large-bandwidth interconnections between servers, storage, and switches, supporting big data transmission and low-latency communication, ensuring stable cloud platform operation.

The MPO interface supports multi-channel parallel transmission, simplifying fiber cabling, making it suitable for high-density cabling and large-scale data center deployments, and improving interconnection efficiency.

850nm wavelength has low attenuation, making it suitable for short-distance transmission. The MPO interface enables high-density connections, meeting the high-speed data exchange requirements within racks.

They are often used in metropolitan area and backbone network construction, supporting high-speed data transmission and large-volume data exchanges, enhancing network coverage and interconnection quality.

Multi-mode modules use an 850nm wavelength, suitable for short-distance transmission. Single-mode modules use a 1310nm wavelength, supporting long-distance interconnection from 10km to 80km, with different application scenarios.

It relies on high-precision 1310nm lasers and stable MPO connector design to reduce signal attenuation and ensure stable and reliable data transmission within 10km.

They provide low-latency, high-bandwidth interconnection for real-time big data transmission, ensuring efficient data exchange between various nodes in the cloud platform.

It uses low-loss single-mode fiber and 1310nm lasers to ensure 40km long-distance transmission, ideal for interconnection between regional data centers and enterprise campuses.

Multi-mode modules require OM3/OM4 fiber, while single-mode modules use low-loss single-mode fiber to ensure stable signal transmission within their respective distance ranges.

The power consumption typically ranges from 3W to 6W, depending on the module type, transmission distance, and design process, meeting energy-saving requirements for data centers.

Commercial-grade modules generally operate between 0°C to 70°C, while industrial-grade modules can operate from -40°C to 85°C, meeting temperature requirements for various environments.

The transmit power is about -5dBm, with a receive sensitivity of -12dBm or higher, ensuring stable transmission and low bit error rate within 300m.

Key parameters include a 1310nm wavelength, 10km transmission distance, low bit error rate, and high signal stability, suitable for point-to-point links in metropolitan area networks.

You can use a bit error rate tester, optical power meter, and OTDR to measure link attenuation, signal quality, and transmission stability to ensure performance meets standards.

DDM monitors real-time parameters such as temperature, optical power, and bias current, helping to prevent faults, optimize link performance, and enable timely maintenance.

They provide high-speed, high-capacity data transmission support for metropolitan area and backbone networks, meeting the high-volume interconnection needs and improving overall transmission efficiency.

Ensure the MPO interface is clean, properly aligned with the fiber end face, avoid dust and damage, and follow installation guidelines to ensure stable signal transmission.

They provide low-latency, high-bandwidth transmission, ensuring smooth HD video streams and are suitable for large-scale monitoring and real-time image transmission applications.

It relies on 1310nm lasers and low-loss single-mode fiber to ensure stable signal transmission over 40km, making it suitable for interconnection between regional data centers.

They support 80km long-distance transmission, ideal for cross-city and cross-region backbone network construction, offering high-speed, stable data transmission.

Some modules feature automatic power adjustment, optimizing output power through a real-time feedback mechanism to maintain reliable signal transmission within a reasonable range.

As key devices in SDN, they support high-speed interconnections and flexible link management, facilitating network virtualization and centralized control to enhance network scheduling efficiency.

High precision and cleanliness are required for the connector alignment to ensure the fiber end faces are dust-free and precisely aligned, reducing attenuation and enhancing transmission stability.

It relies on high-precision lasers and MPO interface processing technology to ensure stable wavelength output and low-loss connections, improving overall transmission quality.

They provide high-speed, high-capacity interconnection, supporting efficient data transfer between virtual machines, reducing latency and congestion, and facilitating flexible data center expansion.

Through shielding designs and anti-interference circuits, they effectively reduce electromagnetic interference, ensuring stable operation in high-density deployment environments.

They enable high-speed data transfer in storage area networks (SAN), ensuring large-scale data backup and recovery, and enhancing overall storage system performance and reliability.

With the increasing demand for cross-city interconnections, the market demand

What is a 100G optical transceiver?

A 100G optical transceiver is a high-speed optical device that supports 100Gbps data transmission. It is widely used in data centers, cloud computing, and carrier backbone networks, and supports both multimode and single-mode designs to meet various transmission needs.

They are mainly classified into two categories: multimode and single-mode. Single-mode versions are further divided by transmission distance into 2km, 10km, 40km, and 80km types, each suitable for different network scenarios and interconnection requirements.

It uses an 850nm laser and is suitable for short-range interconnects within data centers, typically offering transmission distances of 100 to 300 meters. It features low power consumption, high-density cabling advantages, and low latency.

It is ideal for interconnecting racks within data centers or for short-range transmission in campus networks. It offers low latency and high stability, making it suitable for high-speed data exchange within enterprises.

This transceiver is used for medium-range interconnects between data centers and metropolitan area networks (MANs), ensuring stable transmission and low error rates, and meeting the high-speed data transmission needs of enterprise and carrier networks.

It uses high-precision lasers and low-loss single-mode fibers, making it suitable for interconnecting regional data centers and metropolitan area networks. It offers a transmission distance of up to 40km, ensuring high-speed data exchange over long distances.

This transceiver is primarily used for long-range metropolitan area networks (MANs), carrier backbone networks, and cross-city interconnects, supporting transmission distances of up to 80km and meeting the high-bandwidth, low-latency requirements of long-distance data transmission.

It provides high-speed, high-capacity interconnects between servers, storage, and switches, supporting large-scale data transmission and cloud services, forming the core network architecture of modern data centers.

It offers ultra-high-speed data interconnect and low-latency transmission capabilities, ensuring real-time processing of massive data and efficient scheduling of virtualized resources in cloud computing platforms.

These include transmission rate, transmission distance, bit error rate (BER), power consumption, laser stability, and temperature control capability. These parameters directly affect the overall performance and reliability of the network.

Typically, OM4 or OM5 multimode fiber standards are used, ensuring low attenuation and high-speed data transmission over short distances, making them suitable for high-density data center cabling.

Low-loss single-mode fibers, such as G.652 or G.657 standards, are required to ensure signal quality and system stability during medium to long-distance transmission.

Multimode transceivers are suitable for short-range data center interconnects, while single-mode transceivers are used for metropolitan networks, backbone networks, and long-range interconnects. The application scenarios vary based on the transmission distance.

It supports high-speed, high-capacity data transmission, meeting cross-city and wide-area network interconnect requirements. It enhances overall network bandwidth and coverage, ensuring the stability of the core network.

By utilizing advanced lasers, high-speed fiber optics, and low-loss designs, it ensures stable, low-bit error rate transmission even under high data traffic conditions.

It ensures ultra-low latency by optimizing internal circuit designs and high-speed signal conversion, making it suitable for high-performance computing and real-time communication applications.

Low-power design reduces operational costs and minimizes heat dissipation, ensuring stable long-term operation in high-density deployments and improving overall system energy efficiency.

Commercial-grade modules typically operate within a 0°C to 70°C range, while industrial-grade modules can extend to -40°C to 85°C, meeting the temperature requirements of different application environments.

Most modules support hot-swapping, allowing for online replacement and maintenance, which reduces system downtime and increases flexibility in data center operations.

Through high-precision lasers, low-loss fibers, and rigorous testing procedures, 100G modules typically have a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10⁻¹², ensuring stable high-speed transmission.

The built-in DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring) function allows for real-time monitoring of temperature, optical power, and laser bias current, helping to promptly warn of faults and optimize link performance, facilitating remote management.

They provide high-speed interconnects for computing clusters, enabling large-scale parallel data processing, reducing communication latency, and improving overall computational efficiency and response time.

They support flexible link management and centralized control, facilitating network virtualization and automated scheduling, and building efficient, scalable SDN architectures.

By using link aggregation and backup mechanisms, they automatically switch in case of a single-link failure, ensuring uninterrupted network data transmission and enhancing system reliability.

They enable high-speed data exchange in SAN (Storage Area Networks), ensuring reliable backup and recovery of large amounts of data and improving overall storage system performance and reliability.

By selecting low-attenuation fibers and high-quality lasers, along with precise fiber optic connection techniques, they ensure minimal signal attenuation within the specified transmission distance.

They use physical isolation and high-precision signal transmission technologies to effectively prevent electromagnetic interference and eavesdropping, ensuring data security and integrity during transmission.

Through the built-in DDM and remote monitoring platforms, they collect operational status and environmental parameters in real-time, facilitating timely maintenance and troubleshooting, enabling intelligent management.

As key interconnect devices in 5G base stations, core networks, and data centers, 100G optical transceivers help build ultra-high-speed, low-latency networks.

They support low-latency, high-speed data transmission, ensuring real-time response of financial trading systems and secure operations, enhancing overall stability and efficiency of the financial network.

They enable high-speed interconnects between edge devices and central data centers, meeting real-time data processing and low-latency response requirements, improving overall network intelligence.

By employing multiplexing and high-bandwidth transmission technologies, 100G modules integrate network resources efficiently, reducing equipment numbers and overall deployment costs.

High-precision lasers, low-loss fiber connections, and rigorous testing procedures are key to manufacturing 100G optical transceivers, ensuring stable performance, long lifespan, and reliability.

In hybrid optical networks, which integrate multiple transmission methods, 100G optical transceivers act as core transmission devices that facilitate interconnection between multimode and single-mode networks, forming an efficient, unified network architecture.

Typically includes physical installation, fiber splicing, DDM monitoring, bit error rate testing, and link validation to ensure all stages meet design specifications before deployment.

Through shielding designs and anti-interference circuits, 100G optical transceivers effectively reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference, ensuring stable signal transmission in high-density equipment environments.

With ultra-high-speed transmission capabilities and flexible expansion designs, 100G modules meet the massive real-time data transmission needs between data centers, ensuring the efficient operation of cloud computing platforms.

They support real-time data collection and monitoring for factory equipment, driving smart manufacturing and industrial automation, and promoting the upgrade and integration of industrial internet technologies and networks.

Through DDM monitoring and remote management platforms, they enable real-time monitoring of module status and environmental parameters, providing early warnings and troubleshooting to facilitate efficient maintenance.

By utilizing stable lasers and low-attenuation fibers, 100G optical transceivers significantly reduce bit error rates and signal attenuation, ensuring stable and reliable high-speed data transmission.

Single-mode modules support transmission distances ranging from 2km to 80km, making them ideal for cross-regional and long-range data center

What is a 200G optical transceiver?

A 200G optical transceiver is a high-speed optical module designed to support 200Gbps data transmission rates. It uses multi-channel or aggregation technology and is widely used in data centers, cloud computing, and carrier backbone networks in high-bandwidth applications.

By utilizing multi-channel lasers and high-density optical fiber transmission technology, the 200G optical transceiver aggregates multiple parallel channels to achieve a total bandwidth of 200Gbps. It typically follows the QSFP56 or CFP8 form factor standards.

200G optical transceivers are mainly divided into single-mode and multi-mode types. Single-mode modules are suitable for long-distance transmission, while multi-mode modules are designed for high-speed, short-range interconnections within data centers.

Common specifications include 40km, 80km, and even longer distances, suitable for interconnecting across cities, metropolitan networks, and backbone networks. Short-distance models are designed for interconnecting within data centers.

Multi-mode modules are primarily used for high-speed interconnections between cabinets or buildings within data centers. Transmission distances are typically in the range of 100 to 300 meters, catering to high-density wiring needs.

They provide ultra-high-speed interconnections between servers, storage, and switches, supporting big data, virtualization, and cloud computing applications, thus forming the backbone of core network architecture.

200G optical transceivers typically follow IEEE 802.3bs, CFP8, QSFP56, and other standards, and use LC, MPO/MTP, and other interfaces to ensure cross-vendor compatibility and flexible deployment.

By leveraging multi-channel lasers, parallel transmission, and advanced modulation technologies, multiple lower-speed channels work simultaneously to reach a total transmission rate of 200Gbps.

These include transmission speed, bit error rate, power consumption, temperature range, laser stability, and DDM monitoring capability, all of which directly impact network performance and reliability.

Low power consumption design helps reduce heat load and operational costs in data centers, ensuring long-term stable operation in high-density deployment environments.

By using high-precision lasers, advanced signal modulation and processing technologies, along with strict manufacturing and testing processes, 200G optical transceivers typically require a bit error rate below 10⁻¹².

They feature built-in Digital Diagnostic Monitoring (DDM) functions to monitor temperature, voltage, optical power, and laser bias current in real-time, allowing for fault alerts and remote management.

Their ultra-high-speed transmission capability meets the demands of big data and virtualization, supporting high-density interconnections and ensuring efficient data exchange and processing in cloud platforms.

High-precision lasers, low-loss fiber connections, and stringent quality control tests are critical to ensure that the transceivers meet the requirements for high-speed transmission, low latency, and long lifespan.

They employ advanced temperature control technologies and stable laser designs to ensure stable signal transmission within the specified operating temperature range, meeting the application needs in diverse environments.

The modulation techniques depend on the application. Most 200G modules used in data centers utilize four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) to achieve 200G rates via parallel multi-channel transmission. Some long-distance or metropolitan network applications may use coherent modulation technologies like DP-QPSK or DP-16QAM to improve transmission distance and resistance to interference.

Some 200G optical transceivers do use QSFP-DD packaging. QSFP-DD offers higher port density, better heat dissipation, and provides flexibility for future upgrades to 400G, making it popular in high-density data centers and high-bandwidth networks. However, 200G modules are also commonly available in QSFP56 or CFP form factors, with the choice depending on application requirements and system planning.

The 200GBASE-SR4 QSFP56 optical transceiver uses an 850nm multi-mode laser, supports 100 meters of transmission, and includes Digital Optical Monitoring (DOM). Its MPO-12/UPC interface and breakout design allow the 200G signal to be split into four 50G channels. It is primarily used for short-distance high-speed Ethernet interconnection within data centers and enterprise campuses.

The longest transmission distance achievable by 200G optical transceivers is up to 10 kilometers. For example, the 200GBASE-LR4 optical module, using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology over single-mode fiber, can support transmission up to 10 kilometers. However, 200G optical transceivers are primarily used for short-distance transmission, mainly within supercomputing centers and intelligent computing centers.

What are the main categories of 400G optical transceivers?

Based on transmission distance and application scenarios, 400G optical transceivers are mainly categorized into SR8 (short-range), DR4 (medium-range), FR4 (medium-long range), and LR4 (long-range).

Common packaging types for 400G optical transceivers include QSFP-DD, OSFP, and QSFP112. Among these, QSFP-DD and OSFP are widely used due to their high density and excellent heat dissipation performance.

400G optical transceivers are primarily used in data centers, high-performance computing, and communication networks, meeting the demands for high bandwidth and high-speed data transmission.

QSFP-DD (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density) is a dual-density, four small form-factor pluggable package that supports data transmission rates up to 400Gbps, suitable for high-density network environments.

Depending on the type, the transmission distance ranges from 100 meters (SR8) to 10 kilometers (LR4), covering the needs from short-range to long-range transmissions.

By providing high bandwidth and high-density connections, 400G optical transceivers support the high-speed transmission of massive amounts of data within data centers, improving overall network performance.

In communication networks, 400G optical transceivers are used to build high-capacity transmission links to meet the growing network traffic demands.

The power consumption of 400G optical transceivers typically ranges from 8W to 12W, depending on the module type and application scenario.

Common interface types include MPO and LC, with the specific choice depending on the module type and application requirements.

400G optical transceivers have a transmission rate of 400Gbps, meeting the requirements for high-bandwidth applications.

The typical working temperature range is from 0°C to 70°C, though the specific range may vary depending on the module type and application scenario.

The dimensions vary by packaging type. For example, the QSFP-DD package measures 90mm x 18.35mm x 8.5mm.

They mainly use single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber, with the choice depending on the transmission distance and application needs.

400G optical transceivers typically use PAM4 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation with four levels) technology to improve data transmission efficiency.

Designed to comply with relevant standards, 400G optical transceivers ensure compatibility with equipment from different vendors.

Through rigorous testing and certification, 400G optical transceivers are designed to ensure stability and reliability under various environmental conditions.

As the technology matures and production scales up, the cost of 400G optical transceivers has been gradually decreasing, leading to better cost-effectiveness.

Data Centers: With the explosive growth in data traffic, data centers require higher bandwidth and faster transmission speeds. 400G optical transceivers meet the needs for large-scale data transmission and processing by providing high-density and high-speed connectivity.

What are the main categories of 800G optical transceivers?

The main categories of 800G optical transceivers are typically classified based on transmission rate, transmission medium (single-mode or multi-mode), and packaging form. Common classifications include:

Transmission Rate Classification:

  • 800G 2*SR4: An 800G optical transceiver based on multi-mode fiber (850nm wavelength), typically used for short-range high-speed transmission within data centers. It uses 8 channels for data transmission and is suitable for shorter distances (e.g., up to 50 meters).
  • 800G 2*DR4: An 800G optical transceiver based on single-mode fiber (1310nm wavelength), designed for longer-distance transmission, typically supporting up to 500 meters.
  • 800G 2*FR4: Uses single-mode fiber and operates at a 1310nm wavelength, supporting a transmission distance of up to 2 km.
  • 800G 2*LR4: Uses single-mode fiber with a 1310nm wavelength, supporting the longest transmission distance of up to 10 km.

Packaging Form Classification:

  • QSFP-DD (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density): A commonly used packaging form for 800G optical transceivers, offering higher density and the ability to support more fiber channels. It is ideal for large-scale data centers and cloud computing environments.
  • OSFP (Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable): Another packaging form for 800G optical transceivers, supporting 8 channels for high-speed data transmission. It is typically used in high-bandwidth, high-density network deployments.
  • Transmission Medium Classification:
  • Single-Mode Optical Transceivers (SMF): 800G optical transceivers designed for single-mode fiber, suitable for long-distance transmission (e.g., 800G 2*LR4, which can support up to 10 km or more).
  • Multi-Mode Optical Transceivers (MMF): 800G optical transceivers designed for multi-mode fiber, used for short-distance transmission (e.g., 800G 2*SR4, typically with a range of up to 100 meters).

Common packaging types for 800G optical transceivers include:

  • OSFP (Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable):
    OSFP is a packaging type specifically designed for ultra-high-speed transmission, supporting 8 optical channels. It offers high density and bandwidth, making it ideal for large-scale data centers and cloud environments. OSFP supports higher power and bandwidth, suitable for more complex network architectures and widely used in high-performance computing and operator networks.
  • QSFP-DD (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density):
    QSFP-DD is one of the most common packaging types for 800G optical transceivers. It supports up to 8 channels, with each channel transmitting 100Gbps, enabling 800Gbps total transmission rate. QSFP-DD provides high density and bandwidth and is compatible with earlier QSFP+ and QSFP28 standards, making it widely used in data centers, cloud computing, and high-performance networks.

 

QSFP112:
QSFP112 is the latest generation packaging type designed specifically for 800G, supporting 8 channels with each transmitting 112Gbps. It offers higher density and bandwidth capabilities compared to QSFP-DD and is expected to be a standard packaging type for next-generation network devices. QSFP112 is primarily used in high-performance data centers, large-scale cloud computing platforms, and high-speed network environments, offering higher transmission capacity and lower power consumption.

800G optical transceivers in QSFP-DD packaging are characterized by high density and bandwidth. They support 8 channels, with each channel transmitting 100Gbps, resulting in an 800Gbps total bandwidth. These transceivers are backward compatible with QSFP+ and QSFP28, making them suitable for gradually upgrading existing equipment. QSFP-DD modules are compact and ideal for large-scale data centers and cloud computing environments, providing efficient transmission performance. QSFP-DD is primarily used in Ethernet applications, while OSFP is more commonly used in InfiniBand (IB) networks.

800G optical transceivers in OSFP packaging support 8 channels, with each channel transmitting 112Gbps, resulting in an 800Gbps total bandwidth. OSFP offers higher power support and bandwidth, making it suitable for large-scale data centers and high-performance computing applications. The design provides higher density and transmission capability, supporting high-bandwidth network environments. With its higher power support, OSFP has greater potential in large-scale networks and is widely used in InfiniBand (IB) networks, especially in NVIDIA’s devices.

800G optical transceivers are primarily used in the following areas:

  • Large-Scale Data Centers: Providing ultra-high bandwidth, supporting high-speed interconnects between data centers and massive data transmission, meeting the needs of cloud computing and virtualization.
  • High-Performance Computing (HPC): Connecting supercomputers and offering high-speed data transmission to meet the high-bandwidth demands of large-scale computations.
  • 5G Networks: Supporting high-speed data transmission between 5G base stations, promoting the development and construction of 5G infrastructure.
  • Carrier Networks: Used in backbone networks and high-speed transmission links, improving data transmission efficiency and network capacity.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Providing the necessary high-speed data flows for AI and ML applications, supporting data-intensive computing tasks.

What is AOC (Active Optical Cable)?

AOC (Active Optical Cable) is a high-speed data transmission cable that integrates optical transceivers and optical fiber together. It is mainly used in data centers, high-performance computing, and other scenarios requiring high-speed interconnects.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) is primarily classified based on transmission speed and interface type, such as:

  • 10G SFP+ AOC
  • 25G SFP28 AOC
  • 40G QSFP+ AOC
  • 100G QSFP28 AOC
  • 200G QSFP56 AOC
  • 400G QSFP-DD AOC
  • 400G OSFP AOC

The transmission distance of AOC (Active Optical Cable) varies based on speed and design. Below are the typical transmission distances for different AOC speeds:

  • 10G AOC: Up to 300 meters, using SFP+ packaging, suitable for short-distance high-bandwidth needs.
  • 25G AOC: Up to 100 meters, using SFP28 packaging, suitable for 25G and 10G Ethernet, high-capacity I/O, and data center rack-to-rack connections.
  • 40G AOC: Up to 100 meters, using QSFP+ packaging, suitable for cloud computing systems and short-range network transmission in data center environments.
  • 100G AOC: Up to 100 meters, using QSFP28 packaging, suitable for high-performance computing, data centers, and storage area network high-speed interconnects.
  • 200G AOC: Up to 100 meters, using QSFP56 packaging, suitable for short-range data center 200G network interconnects.
  • 400G AOC: Up to 50 meters, using QSFP-DD or OSFP packaging, suitable for high-speed interconnects in ultra-large-scale data centers.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) consists of optical transceivers at both ends and multi-mode optical fiber in between. The optical transceivers are responsible for converting electrical signals to optical signals, while the optical fiber carries the optical signals.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) and DAC (Direct Attach Copper Cable) each have their own characteristics in data transmission. The main differences are as follows:

  • Transmission Medium: AOC uses optical fiber as the transmission medium, transmitting data via optical signals; DAC uses copper wire, transmitting data via electrical signals.
  • Transmission Distance: AOC typically supports longer transmission distances, up to 100 meters, and is suitable for scenarios requiring long-distance connections. DAC typically supports shorter transmission distances, usually within 7 meters, making it suitable for short-range connections.
  • Power Consumption: AOC has relatively higher power consumption due to the integrated optical-electrical conversion components; DAC generally has lower power consumption, making it suitable for power-sensitive applications.
  • Cost: DAC is typically less expensive, making it suitable for budget-conscious applications with short-distance requirements. AOC, while more expensive, offers better performance for long-distance transmission or high-bandwidth requirements.
  • Electromagnetic Interference Resistance: AOC, using optical signals for transmission, has stronger resistance to electromagnetic interference and is ideal for environments with complex electromagnetic conditions. DAC may be susceptible to interference in such environments.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) plays a crucial role in High-Performance Computing (HPC) in the following ways:

  • High-Speed Data Transmission: AOC supports high-bandwidth data transmission, meeting the demand for large-scale, high-speed data exchange in HPC environments.
  • Low Latency: AOC reduces latency by minimizing electrical conversions during signal transmission, improving computational performance.
  • Long-Distance Connectivity: AOC supports longer transmission distances, making it convenient for connecting devices in large HPC systems.

Lower Power Consumption: Compared to traditional copper cables, AOC provides the same bandwidth with lower power consumption, helping save energy.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) is primarily used in storage systems to connect storage devices and servers, providing high-speed, reliable data transmission channels. AOC integrates optical transceivers and multi-mode optical fiber, making it suitable for applications in data centers, high-performance computing, and large-scale storage. Compared to traditional copper cables, AOC offers higher bandwidth and longer transmission distances, meeting the high-speed data transmission needs of storage systems. Additionally, AOC’s low-power characteristics help reduce system energy consumption. Therefore, AOC plays a critical role in storage systems, enhancing data transmission performance and system reliability.

The transmission speed range of AOC (Active Optical Cable) varies by model and application, typically covering speeds from 10Gbps to 400Gbps. For example:

  • 10G SFP+ AOC supports 10Gbps.
  • 40G QSFP+ AOC supports up to 11.3Gbps per channel, with a total bandwidth of 40Gbps.
  • 100G QSFP28 AOC supports up to 26Gbps per channel, with a total bandwidth of 100Gbps.
  • AOC also supports higher transmission speeds, such as 200Gbps and 400Gbps, to meet the needs of data centers and high-performance computing.

The power consumption of AOC (Active Optical Cable) varies depending on speed and design. Below are the typical power consumption figures for different AOC speeds:

  • 10G AOC: Power consumption is about 1-2W.
  • 40G AOC: Maximum power consumption is less than 1.5W.
  • 100G AOC: Power consumption is relatively low, helping reduce overall system energy consumption.
  • 200G AOC: Power consumption is less than 4W.
  • 400G AOC: Power consumption is less than 10W.
    Please note that actual power consumption may vary based on manufacturer and application environment, so it is advisable to choose the appropriate AOC product based on specific needs.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) is designed to be compatible with standard electrical interfaces, ensuring broad applicability across various applications. This allows AOC to be compatible with servers, switches, and other equipment from multiple brands, making it suitable for use in data centers, high-performance computing, and storage area networks. However, actual compatibility may vary depending on the equipment manufacturer and model. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct compatibility testing or consult the supplier before deploying AOC to ensure compatibility with existing equipment.

AOC (Active Optical Cable) offers significant advantages in terms of high bandwidth and long-distance transmission, but its cost is relatively high. This cost is primarily due to the integration of optical transceivers and other precision components within the AOC. However, compared to traditional optical transceivers, AOC has cost advantages in terms of materials and maintenance. Additionally, using AOC reduces the need for fiber jumpers and avoids connector cleaning issues, saving time and costs. Therefore, while the initial investment for AOC is higher, its performance and long-term maintenance advantages may make it a cost-effective choice.

What is DAC (Direct Attach Cable)?

DAC (Direct Attach Cable) is a high-speed cable with fixed connectors on both ends, used for connections within or between data centers. Unlike traditional optical cables, DAC copper cables do not require optical transceivers, offering a more cost-effective high-speed interconnect solution.

DAC (Direct Attach Cable) and AOC (Active Optical Cable) are two commonly used high-speed cables for data center connectivity. Their main differences are as follows:

  • Operating Principle:
    • DAC: DAC is a passive cable, composed of a cable and connectors (such as SFP+, QSFP+) at both ends, without any active electronic components, relying on electrical signals for transmission.
    • AOC: AOC is an active optical cable that integrates electronic modules to convert electrical signals into optical signals, which are then transmitted via fiber optic cables, suitable for long-distance and high-bandwidth needs.
  • Transmission Distance:
    • DAC: Suitable for short distances (typically up to 7 meters), primarily used for connections within or between racks in a data center.
    • AOC: Has a longer transmission range, typically supporting distances from 10 meters to 100 meters, suitable for large-scale data centers and long-distance applications.
  • Transmission Speed:
    • DAC: Supports speeds such as 10Gbps, 25Gbps, 40Gbps, 50Gbps, 100Gbps, etc., ideal for medium-to-short distance high-speed data transmission.
    • AOC: Also supports speeds like 10Gbps, 25Gbps, 40Gbps, 100Gbps, etc., but for longer-distance connections.
  • Power Consumption:
    • DAC: Since it has no electronic components, it has very low power consumption, essentially zero.
    • AOC: Contains optical transceivers for signal conversion, so it consumes more power than DAC.
  • Cost:
    • DAC: Relatively inexpensive, ideal for short-distance connections where cost is a concern.
    • AOC: More expensive, suitable for applications requiring long-distance, high-bandwidth transmission.
  • Applications:
    • DAC: Suitable for short-distance, high-speed data transmission environments such as device interconnections within data centers.

AOC: Ideal for large-scale data centers and high-performance computing, network interconnects, and long-distance, high-bandwidth applications.

Compared to fiber optic connections, DAC (Direct Attach Cable) offers several advantages:

  • Lower Cost: DAC does not require optical transceivers or fiber optic cables, making it significantly cheaper than fiber optic connections. It is a more cost-effective solution for short-distance applications.
  • Low Power Consumption: DAC is a passive cable that does not require power or electronic components for signal conversion, so its power consumption is very low. In contrast, fiber optic connections require additional optical transceivers and electronic devices, which increase power consumption.
  • Easy Installation: DAC cables connect directly to devices, simplifying and speeding up installation. Unlike fiber optics, DAC does not require additional electro-optical conversion modules, reducing installation complexity.
  • Low Latency: DAC transmits data through electrical signals directly, providing extremely low latency. This is beneficial for applications requiring low latency, such as high-performance computing, data centers, and high-frequency trading.
  • Short-Distance Applications: DAC excels in short-distance connections ranging from 1 to 7 meters, particularly in data centers and high-speed interconnections between racks.
  • High Stability: Since DAC does not involve complex electro-optical conversion, it generally provides higher stability and reliability in short-distance transmission, reducing the risk of failure from optical transceiver malfunctions.

In summary, DAC offers advantages in cost, power consumption, latency, and installation for short-distance, high-speed connections, making it ideal for cost-sensitive environments that require low latency.

Compared to fiber optic connections, DAC (Direct Attach Cable) offers several advantages:

  • Lower Cost: DAC does not require optical transceivers or fiber optic cables, making it significantly cheaper than fiber optic connections. It is a more cost-effective solution for short-distance applications.
  • Low Power Consumption: DAC is a passive cable that does not require power or electronic components for signal conversion, so its power consumption is very low. In contrast, fiber optic connections require additional optical transceivers and electronic devices, which increase power consumption.
  • Easy Installation: DAC cables connect directly to devices, simplifying and speeding up installation. Unlike fiber optics, DAC does not require additional electro-optical conversion modules, reducing installation complexity.
  • Low Latency: DAC transmits data through electrical signals directly, providing extremely low latency. This is beneficial for applications requiring low latency, such as high-performance computing, data centers, and high-frequency trading.
  • Short-Distance Applications: DAC excels in short-distance connections ranging from 1 to 7 meters, particularly in data centers and high-speed interconnections between racks.
  • High Stability: Since DAC does not involve complex electro-optical conversion, it generally provides higher stability and reliability in short-distance transmission, reducing the risk of failure from optical transceiver malfunctions.

In summary, DAC offers advantages in cost, power consumption, latency, and installation for short-distance, high-speed connections, making it ideal for cost-sensitive environments that require low latency.

DAC (Direct Attach Cable) has very low power consumption because it is a passive cable and typically does not contain any active electronic components. Compared to fiber optic connections or AOC (Active Optical Cable), DAC does not require additional power to drive optical transceivers or convert signals, so its power consumption is nearly zero. The main power consumption of DAC comes from the connectors at both ends of the cable, which typically use standard connectors such as SFP+ or QSFP+ that do not require much power to operate. Typically, DAC has low power consumption when operating over short distances (1-7 meters). In summary, DAC has lower power consumption than fiber optic connections and is well-suited for low-power, low-heat short-distance data transmission applications.

DAC (Direct Attach Cable) is relatively inexpensive due to its simple structure, as it does not require additional optical transceivers or fiber optics. DAC cables typically consist of a cable and connectors (such as SFP+, QSFP+) and do not involve complex electro-optical conversion or other high-cost components, making them a cost-effective solution for short-distance, high-speed connections. Compared to fiber optic connections, DAC costs about half or even less. Fiber optic connections require not only optical transceivers but also additional fiber optics and electro-optical converters, all of which increase the cost. DAC cables, however, provide direct electrical connections, avoiding these additional costs. In summary, DAC is an economical choice for short-distance, high-speed connections, particularly for cost-sensitive applications within data centers.

When selecting a DAC (Direct Attach Cable), consider the following key factors:

  • Transmission Speed: Choose a cable with a transmission speed that matches the network devices’ requirements, such as 10G, 25G, 40G, 100G, etc.
  • Transmission Distance: DAC cables are generally suitable for distances between 1 meter and 7 meters, so select a cable based on the actual distance between the devices. If longer connections are needed, consider AOC or fiber optic cables instead.
  • Connector Type: DAC cables come with various types of connectors, such as SFP+, QSFP+, QSFP28, etc. Ensure that the connector type matches the device’s port.
  • Environmental Requirements: In high-density environments like data centers, choose DAC cables that are flexible, durable, and resistant to electromagnetic interference or high temperatures.
  • Cost and Budget: DAC cables are generally cheaper than fiber optic solutions, but different brands and models offer varying prices. Select one based on your budget and needs.
  • Compatibility: Ensure that the chosen DAC cable is compatible with existing devices and supports the required protocols and standards (e.g., InfiniBand, Ethernet, etc.).
  • Quality and Brand: Choose DAC cables from reputable brands to ensure high quality and reliable performance, avoiding issues caused by low-quality cables.

In summary, selecting the right DAC cable requires considering transmission speed, distance, connector type, environmental conditions, budget, and compatibility to ensure stability, performance, and cost-effectiveness in practical applications.

When using DAC (Direct Attach Cable), keep the following points in mind to ensure stable connections and optimal performance:

  • Device and Interface Compatibility: Ensure that the DAC’s connector type (e.g., SFP+, QSFP+, QSFP28) is compatible with the device ports. Different devices and ports may have specific requirements for DAC specifications, so confirming compatibility is crucial.
  • Transmission Distance Limitations: DAC is suitable for short-distance transmission, typically up to 7 meters. Ensure the distance between devices is within the DAC’s supported range to prevent signal attenuation or unstable connections.
  • Proper Installation and Connection: Ensure that DAC cable connectors are properly inserted into device ports, avoiding poor contact or improper insertion, which may cause data transmission interruptions or device malfunctions.
  • Avoid Excessive Bending or Stretching: DAC cables should not be excessively bent or stretched, as this can damage the cables or degrade signal quality. Follow the recommended minimum bending radius and ensure the cables have enough space for natural routing.
  • Environmental Temperature and Humidity: While DAC cables are generally suitable for room temperature environments, ensure the cable’s operating temperature range is suitable for high-temperature or high-humidity conditions. Excessive temperature may affect the cable’s performance or lead to premature wear.
  • Avoid Overcrowded Cabling: In data centers or racks, avoid overcrowded cable management to ensure that DAC cables do not interfere with or block other cables. This reduces the risk of transmission issues caused by signal interference or electromagnetic disturbance.
  • Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Regularly check the condition of DAC cables, especially the connectors, to ensure there is no dust, corrosion, or damage. Replace any cables that show visible signs of damage to prevent performance degradation.
  • Power Consumption and Heat: While DAC has low power consumption, the use of multiple DAC devices in high-density environments may still generate significant heat. Ensure sufficient cooling and ventilation for devices and racks.

Ensure Proper Bandwidth Requirements: When using DAC, ensure that the cable’s bandwidth is sufficient for the required data transmission. For example, when using 100G DAC cables, ensure that all connected devices support 100Gbps transmission speed.

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